Duplicating machine



E. L. WALL DUPLICATING MACHINE March 18, 1941.

Filed Sept 16, 1958 a Sheets-Sheet 1 1 m 4. m w a z 7 L H I r w 3 L a mw 1 v i 1 2% a is u w u an H a f Q 00 9 7 wwm mw wr wnn n wwwmmw m a 51% f m w March 18; 1941. WALL DUPLIGA'I'IEG MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 19388 Sheets-$heet 2 E. L. WALL DUPLIGATING MACHINE I March ls, 1941.

Filed Sept. 16, 193B 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 March 18, 1941'.

E. L. WALL DUPLICAI'ING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1933 8Sheets5h eet 4Ednueml. WwZL March 18, 1941.

E. L. WALL 2,235,092 DUPLICA'I'ING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1933 8Sheets-Sheet 5 1 715 .9. 12 l .10.

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DUPLI CA'I'I Filed Sept. 16, 1938 ii; 17 16. iii:

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WALL 2,235,092 HG MACHINE 8 Sheds-Sheet 6 6 March 18, 1941. E. L.'WALLDUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 193B 8 Sheets- Sheet Y nm wH mu mmmi mm Patented Mar. 18, 1941 I I "UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,235,092DUPLICATING MACHINE Edmund Leo Wall, Detroit, Mich, assignor to TheCincinnati Milling Machine Company, a corporation of Ohio ApplicationSeptember 16, 1938, Serial No. 230,312 26 Claims. (Cl. 90-435) 1%invention relates to improvements in duing machine are performedsemi-automatically. plicating machines, its fundamental purpose be- Mostof the work is done by an automatic control, ing to provide atwo-purpose machine, the respecbut in every instance a manual act isrequired,

. tive purposes being that of a die-sinking machine this carrying withit the advantage of constant 5 and that of a milling machine. Inconsidering supervision. With the foregoing statements in 5 the generalaspects of the instant invention refmind the objects of the inventionare as follow: erence may be made to the following patents of s t p vida t -p p s m h e apalidmund L. Wall; Universal die-sinking attachble ofbeing devoted solely to vertical or horizonrnent for horizontal millingmachines, Patent tal straight milling or to die-sinking, and when1,997,891 of April 16, 1935, Duplicating machine, the machine is adaptedto do die-sinking it has 10 Patent 2,007,231 of July 9, 1935, Automaticcarprovision for either reproducing surface or perriage control forduplicating machines, Patent imetric contours. 2,007,232 of July 9,1935, and Universal die-sink- Second, to embrace the units responsiblefor ing attachment for vertical milling machines, the foregoing acts ina y ic pressure sy m l5 Patent 2,051A30, of Aug. 18, 1938. 'As already wi h s m n ly c oll d y a h e -W y suggested, it is the underlyingpurpose of th invalve in changing over from surface contour vention toplace at the disposal of a machine-shop tracing to perimetric tracing,and vice versa, each operator, 9. machine which is capable of doingfunction involving the automatic control afforded either straightmilling in the vertical or horiby a tracer respectively in followingsurface conzontai directions, or die-sinking. tours of the master, andtop and-bottom peri- 20 it machine primarily built to do die-sinkingmetric contours of the master, the former funcis ordinarily veryexpensive, the excessive cost tion further involving a reversing valvewhich prohibiting many machineshop operators from automatically causesthe cutter to repeatedly installing them. Such operators, however, aretravel up and down periodically reversing the necessarily equipped withstraight milling madirection of motion until the machine is stopped. 25chines and, generally, separate machines for hori- Third, to provide anunusually stable support rental and vertical milling are required. Itfor the saddle casting which carries the cutter, stands to reason thatwith equipment such as this said support involving the use of screwthreads the shop operator is restricted in the nature of on the verticalplunger shaft on which said cast- ,.0 the work which he can turn out,ing is rested when the respective plunger is let it it were possible forhim to do die-sinking down to the bottom of the vertical cylinder, thushe would hav open to him an avenue t a, greater avoiding any deviationwhatsoever of the cutter income, but,as has been pointed out already,such from its work when used in milling, especially an avenue is closedto small machine shop oph izo l S i m l n craters, because of the highcost of a die-sinking Fourth, to suspend the saddle casting indirectly35 machine. from one end of a counter-weighted cable, the

The instant machine is so arranged that the interposition of a screwshaft and nut making it shop operator can do any kind of vertical orpossible to anchor, so to speak, the cutter to the horizontal straightmilling which the ordinary immediate cutting point at the work withoutthe machines of these types are equipped to do, but necessity of lockinga gib. for the same purpose, 40 at the same time the instant machine isconin other words, holding the cutter down to its vertible in itsnature, the conversion enabling work with the entire dead weight of thesaddle it to perform a wide variety of die-sinking operacasting, therebyinvolving the highly improbable tions. Thus the small machine shopoperator, circumstance of the cutter ever lifting the saddle and otherswho need not and cannot be classed casting because of i havin encuntered a hard as small, has at his disposal a two-purpose maspot in thework, resulting in the utmost stabilizachine which is extremely flexibleas regards the tion of the cutter and making the tracer only kinds ofwork which it is adapted to do; further, responsible for its deviationsfrom the cuttin a machine which can be manufactured and sold point inmost of the performances of the machine.

so at a cost approximately the same as that of a Fifth, to provide alead screw, in other words single milling machine of either type, and ta the screw shaft mentioned before, which is recipcegt 50 19,1- belowrthat of a, die-sinking machine rocable in the direction Of its axisWithin fixed that a comparison at this place would not serve limits andto adjustably mount the saddle and as any useful purpose. head castingscarrying the cutter and tracer 5t The important acts of the improvedduplicat-' thereon, thereby enabling locating said castings t5 for workin any region within said limits for a full stroke operation.

Sixth, to rest the entire saddle casting and its carried parts (thetracer and cutter assemblages) upon the nut of the vertical lead screw,but at the same tiine to counter-weight said saddle casting and itscarried parts so that the operator can maneuver said casting with theutmost case .while profiling either a plaster-cast or a cam model.

Seventh, to provide a tracer which accomplishes its universal motion inan improved way upon the patent of E. L. Wall for Universal tracer, No.1,997,890, April 16, 1935. v

Eighth, to provide a tracer having a barrel or piston valve which is soarranged as to prevent the escape of exhaust fluid under direct force ofincoming high pressure fluid, the driving out of the exhaust fluid beingaccomplished by the admission of high pressure fluid into the oppositeend of the, respective cylinder, this provision preventing any suddenjumpy movement of the cutter and tracer, particularly in the event whenthe fluid contains a small amount of air.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a front-elevation of the improved duplicating machine.

Figure 2 is a detail sectional view of the plunger stufllng box of thevertical cylinder.

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the improved machine, a part being shownin section.

Figure 4 is a plan view.

Figure 5 is an end elevation of the head casting.

Figure 6 is a central vertical sectiontaken substantially on the line6-8 of Figure 3.

Figure! is a detail sectional view of the quill adjustment taken on theline 'l-l of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a detail sectional view of the quill lock taken on the line8-8 of Figure 6.

Figure 9 is a horizontal section taken on the line 3-9 of Fig. 1,particularly showing the re versing valve and the pressure fluidpassages, for which purpose the column casting is shown partially insection. 1

Figure 10 is a cross section of the reversing valve taken on the line|0lll of Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is a detail view of the reversing lever, parts being shown insection.

Figure 12 is a horizontal section of the reversing valve taken on theline l2|2 of Fig. 1.

Figure 13 Isa horizontal section of the previously mentioned three-wayvalve, taken on the line i3-l3 of Fig. 1.

Figure 14 is a detail front elevation of the column casting (Fig. 6),illustrating the arrangement of pressure fluid passages.

Figure 15 is a detail plan view of the saddle casting (Fig. 6), theplunger screw being shown in section.

Figure 16 is a cross section taken on the line Iii-l6 of Fig. 15.

Figure 17 is a cross section taken on the line lI-fl of Fig. 15.

Figure 18 is a longitudinal section of the improved tracer, taken on theline l8l8 of Fig. 3.

Figure 19 is a cross section taken on the line l9--l9 of Fig. 18.

Figure 20 is a horizontal section of the valve sleeve container.

Figure 21 is a detail sectional view showing the interconnection of theterminal grooves of the sleeve.

Figure 22 is a cross section taken on-the line 22-42 of Fig. 12.

Figure 23 is a cross section of the auxiliary reversing valve taken onthe line 23-23 of Fig. 4.

Figure 24 is an end elevation of said valves.

Figure 25 is a cross section similar to Fig. 23

illustrating the shifted position of the valve plug.

Figure 26 is a detail cross section taken on the line 26-26 of Fig. 23.

In carrying out the invention provision is made of a base, generallydesignated I (Fig. 1). This base is hollow and contains parts of theoperating mechanism as indicated by the dotted lines in Figures 1 and 3.The base has several prominent upstanding parts, one of these designated2 being herein known as the bed casting, the other one 3 comprising themaster and work support. These parts, because of their upstandingrelationship to the base define a recess 4 which provides a convenientreceptacle for the cuttings from the work.

A trough 5 is'attached to the base I, for example, by casting itintegrally therewith, which trough extends around three sides of thebase not only to catch oil and metal cuttings but also to provide aconvenient ledge for temporarily supporting some of the workmans. tools.A plurality of slideways 6 in the top face of the support 3 provide forthe aflixation of a master and work foundation 1, to which the master ormodel 8 is suitably secured at 9, and also to which the work I0 issecured at II. It will be understood that the purpose of the machinewhen operated as a duplicator is to cause the tracer to feel either thesurface of the'master 8 or the top and bottom of a master so as toreproduce its contours in the work H) by controlling the cutteraccordingly.

with reference to the master 8 it will be perceived in Fig. 1 that itscontour is reproduced in the work It) by periodic up and down movementsof the tracer and cutter assemblages. Provision is also made in themachine'for contouring the master 8 horizontally because the tracer isas readily responsive to deviations in contour above and below astraight horizontal line as it is to 6), beneath which the retainer barsl3 of a column casting l4 engage. These bars are attached to the flangesI 5 which depend from the casting l4 andride'beside the flanges l2. Thecasting I4 is slidable on the casting 2 for the purpose of shifting thecolumn casting II and all of theL mechanism that is supported upon it.back and forth in the horizontal direction.

This particular function is obtained by manualmeans in this particularconstruction. The column casting H has a heavy depending lug I6 (Figs. 3and 6). A screw shaft I1 is suitably journaled at l8, 18 at its endsupon the bed casting 2 (Fig. 4), the screwed portion'20 of which is inengagement with the threaded bore of the lug l6. A hand wheel 2| on theforward end of the screw shaft I! has a crank for convenient turning.When the screw shaft is thus turned, the column casting I 4 is slid backand forth in the manner already stated.

A column 22 (Fig. 9) is in rigid upstanding relationship to the castingI I, being integral therewith, and perpendicular thereto. This column isnecessarily very strong in order to resist any noticeable flexure due tothe action of the cutter on the work H). The fact that the column 22 ishollow (Fig. 9) and that the length of its cross sectional oblong shapestands at right provides a passageway (iii .fluid "flow in respect tothe hoses assaooa angles to the work is a large contribution to thedesiredstrength of the column.

The space 23 which the hollow column affords for a 'counter' balancingweight it (Figs. 3 and 4). The weight fitsthe column closely enough toutilize the latter as a guide. The column 22 has a pair of verticalheads it, it (Figs. 4 and 9) which are connected thereto by webs 21.These are narrower than the heads, providing vertical recesses 28. Therespective heads it, 26 have pairs oi! pressure fluid bores it, it and3|, 32 (Fig. 9) These bores run full length or the heads (Fig. it). Attheir upper ends the bores it to 32 are appropriately coupled to hosesit, it, it and it.

But the hoses til, tit are joined directly to the ports its, its of anauxiliary reversing valve lilo, said ports registering with the boresit, ill? (Fig. 23). The auxiliary reversing valve is solely for thepurpose oi causing the tracer head to bear down on the top edge or themaster during perimetric tracing as is described in the operation.

A valve plug ttais subject to a quarter turn in the bore did. Theturning is done by a ban die iter, and the limiting oi the turn is accomplished by a pin'tla, the point of which extends into a segmental slottie in the valve plug (Fig. 26). The pin is carried by a cap lta whichprovides a closure for the bore its.

pair of diametric passages Md, that (Fig. 23) is intended to providenormal communication oi the hoses it, it with the bores til, it. At thistime the handle its points upwards (lull lines Fig. 2d) and the passagesttd, the are in registration with the ports ltd, its.

Spiral passages its, l'ld in the valve plug lite provide tor a reversalor crossing over oi the till, it and bores ill, The terminals oi thespiral passages are spaced 90 degrees from the terminals of the passagestits, the. in other words, the terminals of the spiral passages standhalf-way between the terminals of the diametric passages. 'ttlhen thevalve plug its is given a 9d degree turn by moving the handle titer iromthe full line to the dotted line position in Fig. 24L, the passages its,the, are disconnected :trom the ports tile, lite, and the spiralpassages that, t'la are connected thereto (Fig. 25) so that fluid flowing in any one of the hoses is shunted over to the opposite bore in thehead it.

The bores it, it (Fig. 9), respectively, conduct exhaust and highpressure fluid from and to the tracer assemblage (Fig. 18).. The boresti, t'i alternately conduct exhaust and high pressure fluid from and tothe vertical cylinder through the tracer assemblage by way of thethree-way valve ill.

it is preferred to defer the description oi the tracer lit to a laterperiod, but the following parts or the assemblage are described becausethe routing of the fluid carried by the hoses it, should be understood.A block it has a sleeve til nxed in a bore ti. The sleeve is set in thehere very tightly. This sleeve has a series oi annular passages tit, 43,44, t5 and it (Figs. it and so). These passages are sunlr below thesurface of the cylindrical bore t'l oi the sleeve ill. Said bore t'lcomprises the slide "for a barrel valve it.

Ui the foregoing annular passages ti to t (Fig. 20) the central passagei l always contains high pressure fluid, the passages dd, tn,respectively, at the left and right alternately containing high pressureand exhaust fluid and the remote passages 42, it always containingexhaust fluid. A by-pass at joins the exhaust passages 42 and M5. Thisby-pass is joined by a bore 50 which branches diagonally therefrom to aninlet 5i in the annular concavity iii of the sleeve in.

The barrel valve M3 is intentionally seated rather loosely on thesurface oi the bore t'l. This is necessary in order to prevent saidvalve from. sticlring. The consequence of this loose mounting is aleakage oi fluid into the concavity bl. This is continuously drawn outthrough the bore tit.

it suitable arrangement of bolts ti (Fig. l3) secures the casing ill oithe three-way valve to the bloclr The latter has ducts t l, tn, it andti (Fig. it), the upper terminals of which communicate in the ordernamed with the exhaust by-pass til, the high pressure passage it, thepassage ilt and the passage tit. The rear terminals of these ducts openupon the rear race of the bioclr (Fig. it) where they have communicationwith the exhaust and high pressure hoses lit, and with the ports in thethree-way valve casing.

Said casing has a downwardly directed port it which establishespermanent communication between the duct tit and the bore lit in theeasing. it. port tt is situated diagonally in the casing t'lestablishing permanent communication between the duct ti and the boreit. The inner terminals or these ports are on a horizontal line wherethey enter the bore it. Their outer ter ininals are on a vertical linebecause of their having to commtmicate with the super-imposed outlets oithe ducts Ft, til.

The similarly superimposed outlets of the ducts it, til, comprise theconnecting places of the exhaust hoses from which the previous statementwill be understood that the central passage it always contains fluid athigh pressure whereas there is always a tendency to evacuate fluid irointhe passages til, ti, and inlet iii.

Reverting to the three-way valve casing iii, an upright pair oi port-sti, provide the places for connection oi the inner ends of the hoses it,it (Fig. ll the tar ends at which connect with the bores ti, in the headit (Fig. 9). A horizontal pair oi ports provide the places of connectionoi hoses lit, tt, (Fig. l), the respective ones at which are connectedto ports til, W at the left and right ends of a horizontal cylinder ti.it is observed in Fig. 6 that the port tt has an extensionbore in thewall of the cylinder tt, it being the outlet oi the latter that hascommunicaltlon with the right end of the cylinder. There is a turnableplug it in the bore lit (Figs. 13 and it). This plug has a stem it whichextends through a gland it and has a handle ll-l on its exposed end. Theplug has a pair or keris it, it (Fig. 13) respectively in vertical linewith the ports ti, ti, and with the ports t l, When the handle "it isset in the horizontal position (Figs. l and it) the lreris l t, lbestablish fluid communication between the sleeve tilt and the horizontalcylinder At this time the ports ti, ti are cut on from fluidcommunication with the sleeve it.

Tracing the route of the fluid subject to transmission through the hosesit and it (Fig. l) which begin at the ports ti, ti (Fig. 13), the boresill, it to which said hoses are connected at the head it (Fig. 9),respectively, join ducts it, ll which communicate with the respectivetop 18. The head 6) is directly It is secured thereto by any suitablemeans. Consequently the je'cted pin 92 haust feeder II5 verticalcylinder 18 depends from the column casting I4, and is movable back andforth as said column is horizontally slid on its ways I2.

As the result of this dependency of the vertical cylinder it is possibleto make direct fluid communication between the top of the cylinder andthe duct 16, which like other ducts of its kind (Figs. 9 and 14) arebored in the required directions in the casting I4. The duct 11,however, has to be connected with the bottom of the cylinder 18 by apipe 88. This is a common pipe, functioning for the conduction of fluidwhen directed to the vertical cylinder either by the three-way valve 31or by the reversing valve 8-I.

This reversing valve comprises the casing denoted by the numeral 8I(Fig. 10) which is bolted down at 82 to the column casting I4 (Figs. 6and 9). The casing 8I has a bore 83 in which a hardened bushing 84 ispermanently fixed. The bore of this bushing turnably contains the valveplug 88. This plug has a washer 81 attached to one end of it (Fig. 12).This washer overlaps the bushing 84. The valve plug conbinues as a stem88, said stem projecting through a g-land 89 in the bushing. The exposedend of the stem 88 tumably carries the hub 98 of a weighted lever 9|.This hub is perfectly l-oose upon the stem 88 so that the lever is freeto turn to either side of the vertical dead center, thereby to shift thevalve plug into either of its two positions. In order to bring thisabout the stem 88 has a radially pro- (Fig. 11) which occupies a slot 93in the hub. An ear 84 on one side of the hub 98 has a rod connected toit. This mod rides in a guide 98 on th saddle casting and it carries anadjustable pair of stops 91, 98.

A key 81a on the washer 81 fits in a slot 88a in the innenend of theplug 88 (Figs. 12 and 22). This insures the securement of the washer 81to the valve plug. Said washer has a segmental slot 89a (Fig. 22) intowhich the end of a. pin 98a rigidly carried by a closure 9Ia projects(Fig. 12). The pin and slot limit the oscillaition of the plug 88. Thelatter can be locked in a central or neutral position by turning a thumbscrew 92a inwardly until its end rests in a depression 93a in the washer81. I

The housing 84 (Fig. 10) has four circumferent-ially spaced ports 99,I88, IN, and I82. These ports communicate with the bore 85 as shown. Theplug 86 has a pair of kerfs I83, I84, which are registrable with pairsof said ports in alternation according to the shifting of the lever 9|.The casing 8| has passages I85, I88, I81 and I88 (Fig. 10), the innerends of which are in permanent registration with the ports 98, I82.

These passages are directed downwardly. The passage I85 has directcommunication with a duct I88, the other end of which'joins the bore 38in the head 25. High pressure fluid is supplied to the duct I89 by afeeder II8 to the nether side of which a high pressure hose III (Fig. 6)is coupled at II2 (Fig. 9). The passage I88 (Fig. 10) is joined to theduct II3 which goes to the top of the vertical cylinder 18 (Fig. 9). Thepassage I81 is connected to a duct II4 (Fig. 9) which joins the exhaustbore 29. An e'xin the casting I4 (Fig. 9) cornmunicates at one end withthe duct I I4 and at the otherwise open ends of the passages beingplugged to produce the required closures.

Tracing the continuations of the high pressure and exhaust hoses III, II1 (Fig. 6) it is seen in Fig. 3 that these terminate at the stand pipessuch'as I28, of a pair of pumps I22, I23 (Fig. 1). The first of these isthe high pressure pump which takes its fluid supply from the sump I24into which the bottom of the base I is converted. The second of these isthe exhaust pump, the discharge pipe I25 of which (Fig. 3) is directedinto the sump. These pumps are driven in unison by a gear train I28(Fig. 1), the train in turn being driven by a motor I 21.

Mention has been made of a saddle casting. This casting is nowdesignated I28 (Figs. 1 and 6). This casting is slidable upon the heads25, 26 (Fig. 4), toward which end the casting is recessed at I29 toembrace the heads. Those portions of the casting which come flush withthe backs of the heads have plates I38 which engage said backs and thushold the casting to the heads. The saddle casting has a forwardlyextended rib (Figs. 15 and 16) along the top and a bracket extension I32along the bottom. The forward end of this extension is flanged at I33.The bracket I32 is braced at I34 because of the weight which is imposedupon it.

A hub I35 (Fig. 16) or back of the saddle casting I28 is bored at I36 toprovide a seat for a bottom thrust bearing I31. Said bore houses thesleeve I38 of what has been termed a nut I39. The sleeve and nut arekept in proper relationship to the bore I36 by a bracket I 39a (Fig. 16)secured to the extension I32. This nut is peripherally formed into aworm gear I48, the bore I36 being counter-bored at I4I to make room forthe shouldered portion of the gear and nut.

Said worm gear and nut have a threaded bore I42 (Fig. 16) in which thethreaded portion I43 of the shaft I44 is screwed. This shaft, alsoherein known as the vertical lead screw, is equipped at its lower endwith a plunger I45 (Fig. 6) which occupies the vertical cylinder 18.That portion of the casting I4 through which the plunger shaft I 44necessarily passes, is equipped with a packing gland I46 (Fig. 2) toprevent the upward escape of pressure fluid.

The upper end of the screw and plunger shaft I 44 (Fig. 1) has a cableI41 coupled to it. This cable is directed over a sheave I48, and itcarries the previously mentioned counter-weight 24 (Fig. 4). The sheaveis journalled on a support I49 on top of the column 22. A wormpinion-I58 (Figs. 6 and 17) meshes with the gear I48. This pinion iscarried by a counter-shaft I 5I which is appropriately journalledbeneath the bracket I32 and carries a spur gear I52 on its forwardextremity. A pinion I53 meshes with this spur gear. The pinion iscarried by a stub shaft I54 which is suitably journaled in a bearing I55that Said shaft The lead screw M3 and nut I39 (Fig. 16) constiinto theintermediary connection. This arrangement has the important advantage oiperpetually imposing the dead weight oi the saddle casting ldd and itscarried parts upon the nut ldd so that there is never any baclr lashbetween the top oi the thread ldd and the top of the thread passage inthe nut and sleeve.

in other words, the dead weight oi the saddle casting and its carriedparts is used to eliminate cured to the rib ldl.

the baclr lash between the thread on the lead screw and the threadpassage in the nut and sleeve which is the inevitable result oi theoperation oi the machine over an extended period, the so-calledelimination occurring only to the extent to which it would be damagingto the operation oi" the cutter this. 'i)

liny obstruction in the course of the cutter point inopportunely presentin the worlr ld, would result in the cutter clinching the obstructionand raising the saddle casting ldd ii the latter were directlycounter-balanced by direct suspension from the cable ld'l. But bysuspending the lead screw ldd irom the cable, thereby making the saddlecasting and its carried parts in-- directly dependent :lrom the cable,said saddle casting and its parts are permitted to constantly remain inthe anti-baclr lash position, thereby backing the cutter up with a deadweight, the inertia oi which supersedes by iar any lilting effort thatthe cutter might ever tend to respond to because of encountering anobstruction in the worlr, as aforesaid.

it is thus that the cutter is stabilised at and particular cutting pointwhich it might occupy.

This stabilization is augmented by the dash-pot which. the verticalcylinder id and its contained plunger ldd and liquid affords.

The braclret ldd (Fig. lb) provides the slide way tor a part which ishereinafter lrnown as the head casting ld'l (l igs. l, d and "l') Thiscasting has a flange ldd which abuts the flange ldd (big. 3) and isoverlaid with a plate ldd which holds the base oi the head casting ldldown. The top portion of said casting is grooved at ldd (dig. d) tocontain the edge oi a plate ldl, which is see-- The plates ldd, ldl,guide the head casting ldl in its lateral movements.

Said casting is enlarged to comprise the previously described horizontalcylinder dd. The latter consists oil a bore in the casting (Fig. d), theright end being headed at ldd, the left end being closed by a flangeldd, on which a stufiing boir ldd is mounted. it. piston ldd is situatedin the cylinder dd. ried by a bracket ldd which is a mired to the saddiecasting ldd by bolts ldl. The piston ldd thus remains stationary. Theadmission and escape of fluid to and from the cylinder dd at oppositesides of the piston causes the entire head casting ldl to slide eitherto the right or left in respect to the saddle casting lid.

The head casting l'dl carries a quill ldd. This quill has a lrey lddwhich occupies a lreyway lid in the head casting ldl. The quill isrectilinearly adjustable with respect to the head casting ldl ior whichpurpose it is toothed at l'll (Fig. 6) to provide tor the engagement ofa turn-hey ill This piston and rod are can (Fig. 7) This key is turnedwith a wrench and the result is the foregoing adjustment of the quill.The latter is secured in its adjusted positions by a lock (Fig. 8) whichconsists of a pair of blocks I13. A bolt lid is screwed into one ofthese blocks and has its head in engagement with the other block. Whenthe bolt is turned clockwise it draws the blocks in together and intoloclring contact with the Wall of the quill ldd.

' The latter is loosened by turning the bolt lid in the reversedirection.

It will be understood from Figs. 6, l and d that the quill ldd occupiespart of a bore lid in the head casting ld'l. The quill is adjustable insaid bore, the extent of the toothed surface ill. .d. spindle lid isrevoluble in the uuill on sets of roller bearings ill. The right endoil'this uuill carries a collet chuclr lld by which a cutting tool l'ldoi any desired description is gripped. The spindle is held in positionin the quill ldd by an appropriate arrangement ldd.

Beyond this arrangement ldd the spindle lid is huted at ldl (Fig. 6) tocontain the splines l dd oi a bushing ldd oi a multbgrooved pulley ldd.This pulley is mounted on a ball bearing ldd which is supported by abraclret ldd attached to the saddle casting ldd. as the quill lid isadjusted to set the cutting tool l'ld up to or away from the worir, itsfluted spindle slides in respect to the pulley ldd but without distmhingthe driving connection oi the latter.

i-i standard ldl' (Figs. i and 6) provides the support for the tracerbloclr upon the head casting ldl'. The latter is grooved at ldd (Figs. 3and ii) to contain the heads oi the bolts and nuts ldd which hold thestandard down. This arrangement provides for a limited adiusti'rient oithe tracer assemblage dd in respect to the head casting ldll. Thestandard ldll carries a them: her ldd (Fig. ll which is dove-tailgrooved at ldl to contain a correspondingly shaped rib ldd on the bottomof the hloclr. The bloclr has limited adjustment in respect to themember ldd, this being accomplished by a screw ldd which is mounted uponthe member ldd and has threaded engagement with the block; Provision ismade ior locking the head casting ldll upon the saddle casting ldd sothat the cut ting tool lid is prevented from wavering during horizontaland. vertical milling. This provision comprises a fairly heavy screw ldd(Figs. l and i) which is rigidly ailirred at ldd to the bracket i Thisscrew is parallel to the axis oi the horizontal cylinder The latter hasa lug ldd with which the screw dd has unthreaded engagement. A pair ofnuts lil'l, ldd is threaded on the screw l and as one or the other ofthese is driven along the screw the entire head casting l dl is adjustedaccordingly in respect to the saddle casting ldd. These nuts are thenloclred iagainst the lug ldd, thus securing the head cast Driving powerior'the cutting tool lid is supplied by a motor ldd (Fig. 3)., The shaftoi this motor carries a rnulti-groove pulley ddd (l ig. d) which isbelted to the pulley ldd at ddl. The motor is mounted on a base ddd(Fig. 31) which is adjustable by a screw and cranlr ddd in respect to ashelf ddd which extends backward from the saddle casting ldd.

Attention is now directed to the tracer dd (Fig. 18). The sleeve lid isinternally threaded at ddd at one endto enable the screwing in ct avalve cap ldd. This can has a thimble dd'l screwed into it, the bottomof the thimble providing a rest for one end of a spring 208 and having ahole 289 for the guidance of a rod 2I0. The use of this rod is optional,the only purpose in illustrating it being to disclose a plan whereby thevalve 48 could be operated manually. If the latter provision is notdesired then the rod 2IIJ would be omitted.

The inner end of the rod 2! is screwed into the apex of a central cone2I I which arises from a web 2I2 across the piston valve 48. The innerend of the spring 208 abuts a portion adjacent to the cone 2| I. Thespring 288 is necessary to tend to constantly urge the piston valve 48in the directlonof the master. This function of the spring also keepsthe cone 2| I in contact with the balls 2I8 in the conical portion 2I9of a retainer 220.

The cylindrical part of the retainer 228 fits loosely inside of a tracertube 22I. the inner end of said tube carrying a hardened race 222 uponwhich the balls 2I8 ride. A universal ball bearing 223 has a slip fitupon the tracer tube 22I.

This bearing is situated adjacently to a collar 224 on the tube, thelatter being slightly spaced from the bearing at 225 when the pistonvalve 48 isin the neutral position. The halls of said bearing ride upona concavity 226 in the outer ring 221 of said bearing. Thus the tracertube 22I is capable of universally rocking within slight limits, and itis also capable of back and forth sliding movement in respect to theuniversal bearing.

A shell 228 is screwed onto the externally threaded end- 229 of thesleeve 48. This shell supports the bearing 223 and consequently thetracer tube 22I and at the same time confines any leaking oil which mayhave escaped the concavity 52. The shell 228 has a cylindrical terminal230 in which the outer ring 221 has a slip fit. This cylindricalterminal is threaded at 23I to receive an adjusting nut 232. This nut isadapted to set the piston valve 48 in proper relationship to the seriesof passages42, 46, and to regulate the speed of travel of the tracer 38and its train toward the master.

An adapter 233 is secured to the forward end of the tracer tube 22 I.This adapter has a threaded stem 234. The purpose of the latter is tocarry a tracer head 235. Tracer heads may be supplied in various sizesin order to suit various types of work. Usually a tracer head is made ofaluminum, fiber, or some other light material. Generally the tracer headis very slightly larger in diameter than the cutter I19 with which itcooperates.

The operation is readily understood. The machine is adapted to do threeoutstanding classes of work, first, to vertically traverse the contourof the upright surface of a master by means of the tracer head 235,thereby to simultaneously cause an identical response of the cutter I19with respect to the work III, the successively fresh point cuttingplanes being produced by slight manual turns of the hand wheel 2|.Second, to cause the tracer head 235 to perform perimetric tracingwherein it is made to feel out the top and bottom edges of a master andaccordingly regulate the position of the cutter I19 for side cuttinginto the top and bottom edges of the work I8, the up and down traversesof the tracer being under the automatic regulation of the verticalcylinder 18 and its plunger I45. Third, to lock the cutter I19 at thedesired distance from the saddle casting I28, then to cause the cutterto do straight vertical milling either by working the hand wheels I56and 2I in conjunction with each other or working the reversing valve 8Iin conjunction with the hand wheel 2|, or to cause the cutter to dostraight horizontal milling by manipulating the e a pattern or model. Itmay have a front surface contour which it is desired to duplicate, or it-may have top and bottom boundaries of special shapes which it isdesired to reproduce in the work. When straight vertical or horizontalmilling is done, there is no need for a pattern. The

work ID, if not already roughed out into shape as it would be if it werean unfinished casting, will comprise a generally shapeless block of thematerial, out of which it is desired to reproduce the master 8.

For the purpose of the present illustration, the master 8 may beconsidered as comprising a horizontally elongated plaster cast, which inits cross sectional contour includes the vertical ogee curve. Thelongitudinal surface of this curve may be perfectly straight, or it mayinclude eminences or depressions which the reader can readily visualizewithout the necessity of an illustration. The settings which can beaccomplished by the adjusting nuts I89 (Fig. 6) and the screw I93(Fig. 1) of the tracer assemblage are generally fixed in nature. That isto say, when settings are once made here they are not usually disturbed.

In making an original setting it is necessary to vertically aline thefront face of the tracer head 235 with the front face of the cuttingtool I19 (Fig. 1). This is done by adjusting the quill I 68 (Fig. 6).Cutters I19 are not always of the same length and when there is anydeviation from the foregoing vertical alinement it is necessary tounlock the quill at I13, I14 (Fig. 8) and to turn the key I12 (Fig. '1)until the desired alinement is obtained.

The description is now reverted to the previously mentioned three phasesof operation, the first of which comprises the vertical surfacecontouring of the master 8. The assemblages of the tracer 38 and thecutter I19 (Fig. 1) move back and forth in unison on horizontal lines.The

head casting I51 must be free to slide back and forth in reference tothe saddle casting I28, and this freedom of motion is permitted byadjusting the nuts I91, I98 far enough away from the lug I96.

Presumably the first cut will be started from the top of the work I IIat the end nearest the observer (Fig. 1). The saddle casting I28 and itscarried parts are regarded as travelling downwardly in the direction ofarrow a. The hand wheel I56 is initially turned to elevate the saddlecasting I28 until the tracer head 235 and the cutter I19 are set at thetop of the master and work. Thereafter the hand wheel I55 is turnedslowly in the reverse direction to lower the assemblage (arrow a,Fig. 1) then turned in the other direction to again raisethe assemblage,each of the latter acts being accompanied by a slight turn of the handwheel 2I to reposition the tracer head and cutter at the beginning of afresh stroke.

Upon starting the motor I21 (Fig. 1) the high pressure and exhaust pumpsI22, I 23, respectively drive high pressure fluid through the hose iiiBill

(Iii (Fig. 6) and tend to draw fluid from the exhaust hose I". Highpressure fluid is thus introduced into the central passage 44 (Fig. 20)by way of the coupling point 2 (Fig. 9), feeder M0, duct I09, highpressure bore 30, hose 33 and duct 55 (Fig. 19). The flow to exhaust straced from the passage 42 and 49 (Fig. 20) through the by-pass 49, duct54 (Fig. 19), hose t l, exhaust bore 29 (Fig. 9), duct II4, feeder H5,coupling point IIS and the previously mentioned hose In.

Move the handle 13 to the horizontal position (Fig. 1). This places thevalve plug I in the position shown in Fig. 18. The her! 14 (Fig. 13)connects the ports and 63, the latter having the hose connection 95 tothe left end of the cylinder 69. The her! connects the ports 62 and 04so as to establish communication through the hose 60 with the right endof the cylinder ti.

Now turn the hand wheel I56 slowly (Fig. 1) so as to lower the saddlecasting I (arrow a. Fig. i). As the tracer head 23! rides down theincline of the master 0 the piston valve 49 is urged to the right (arrowb, Fig. 18) because of the spring pressure behind it. The passage 44(Fig. 20) 'is uncovered so that high pressure fluid enters the passage43. It is conducted through the duct 59 and port}! (Fig. 18) to theright end of the cylinder 99. The pressure reaction against thestationary piston I09 drives the entire head casting I51 to the right(arrow 0, Fig. 1). This drives the cutting tool I19 into the work to anextent equal to the advance of the tracer head.

at the same time the fluid in the cylinder 09 at the left of the pistonI1! is forced through the diagonal port 40 (Fig. 18) and the duct 51 tothe passage 49 which is now uncovered by the closure 2 I 5, permittingthe exhaust fluid to reach the hose 33 and pass onto the pump I22 (Fig;i) by way of the bore 29 (Fig. 9) duct Ill, and the previously describedfeeders H5.

When the tracer head 295 rides up an eminence instead of moving downgrade, as just described, the reverse of the foregoing operation takesplace. The piston valve 48 is then shifted to the left (arrow (1, Fig.-18) to admit high pressure fluid to the passage 45. This is delivered tothe left end oi? the cylinder 69 by way oi the duct 51, port 60 and hose65. Exhaust fluid from the right end of the cylinder is conducted to thepassage 42 by way of the ports 84 and 58 and the duct 56.

Circumstances might be such wherein it is not desired to produce theperiodic raising and lowering of the saddle casting I28 by thecontinuous manual operation of the hand wheel I50. This act can be doneautomatically by cutting in the reversing valve 9|. The three-way valve91 is not disturbed; its handle 19 remains in the horizontal position(Fig. 1). The ensuing operation or the machine is still semi-automaticbecause of the necessity for the operator's presence for the turning ofthe hand wheel 2| to advance the tracer and cutter assemblages intosuccessively fresh stroking planes.

1 Up to this moment the reversing valve" 0| has been locked in theneutral position. This'posi tion is signified by the upright position ofthe lever 9| (Fig..11). The actual neutralization of the reversing valvecomprises locking the plug at (Fig. 12) centrally across the ports I00,I02 (Fig. 10), this being accomplished when the point of the thumb screw92a is nested in the depression 99a (Fig. 22) of the fixedly carriedwasher 01.

It is quite possible that the lever 9| (Fig. 11) will not remain in theerect positionillustrated,

and if it should fall to one side of the other it will simply be stoppedby the engagement of one end of the slot 99 with the pin 29. The lattercomprises a rigid abutment because of its being a part of the now lockedplug 86. So in order to cut in the reversing valve 9| the first act isto back of! the thumb screw 92a. This i'rees the plug 00 and it isnecessary forms operator to see to it that the lever 9| is caused totake the correct right or left position as is necessary to produce thenext up or down stroke of the saddle casting I29. For example, if thesaddle casting I29 should have stopped at the top of its stroke, thelever 9| will be switched over to the right, as shown in Fig. 1. Thisact turns the plug 00 so that the kerf I03 stands in the relationship tothe ports 99, I00 shown in Fig.10. These ports are now open and highpressure fluid is delivered to the top of the cylinder 19 (Figs. 1 and6) by way of passages I05, I09 (Fig. 10). This drives the plunger I45downwards in the vertical cylinder, carrying the saddle casting I29 andits carried parts downward (arrow a, Fig. '1).

When the guide 99 (Fig. 1) reaches the stop 99 a reversal of the valve9| occurs. The weighted lever 9| is turned counter-clockwise slightlypast dead center. The lever 9| then topples over, moving the plug 08from the full to the dotted line position (Fig. 10). The port I00 is nowclosed from the high pressure port 99 and the port I02 is opened. Highpressure fluid is now .delivered to the vertical cylinder I0 by way ofthe which has top and bottom edges desired to be reproduced in the workI0. The term edges is used in a broad sense. They can comprise specialshapes along top and bottom margins of the master, lying substantiallyparallel to each other or diverging from the parallel relationship untilthey comprise virtually half circles. The sense which it is desired toimpart by these statements is that in the second phase of operation thetracer head 235 makes contact either with the top or bottom margins ofthe master at its sides, as distinguished from the tip contact in frontsurface contouring. On the same principle the side of the cutter I19 isemployed to remove material from the top or bottom of the work I0 asdistinguished from the routing operation accomplished by the tip contactof the cutter with the work in vertical surface contouring.

The first acts are to neutralize the reversing valve 8| (Fig. 10 and to.reverse the position of the three way valve 31 (Fig. 18). The reversingvalve 8| is neutralized by turning the screw 92a. inward (Fig. 12) untilits point is again nested in the depression 93a (Fig. 2). The plug 86 isnow to be regarded as closing off the two ports I00, I02. The reversalof the three-way valve is accomplished by turning the handle I3 (Fig.18) QOdegrees in the downward directionby turning the nuts I91, I90toward each other on the screw I94 until they bind against lug I96.

It is assumed that the bottom boundary of the master is to be traversedfirst. This may, and for illustration is, regarded as having an up anddown contour. This contour is traversed by turning the hand wheel 2| inthe proper direction from the desired starting position. The reason forselecting the bottom boundary for the initial traversal is that thetracer 38 automatically causes the elevation of the saddle casting I28when left free to do as it will, so to speak.

This function is readily understood by referring to Fig. 18. Theoperator is presumed to have maneuvered the saddle casting I28 until thetracer head 235 stands clear of the master the 8 below the bottommargin. The unrestricted of the vertical cylinder 18. Theupward'pressure on the plunger I (arrow e, Fig. 6) elevates the saddlecasting I28 as previously explained, causing the side of the tracer head235 to contact the bottom margin of the master 8. I

The upward travel of the saddle casting I28 is stopped automatically bythe tracer. Since the head 235 is now in contact with the bottom marginof the master, the elevating motion of the casting I28 causes the tracertube Hi to turn clockwise on its universal bearing 223. The result is abackward push on the piston valve 48 (arrow :1, Fig. 18) The passages44, 45, are thus made to communicate. High pressure fluid is I deliveredto the hose 35 (Fig. 4) by way of the duct 51 (Fig. 18) diagonal port 68(Fig. 13) and keri" 14. From the hose 35 said fluid is delivered to thetop of. the cylinder 18 (Fig. 9) by way of the bor 3I and duct 16: the.resulting downward pressure on the plunger I45 (arrow I, Fi 6) willlower the saddle casting I28.

Now the operator must stand ready toturn the hand wheel 2I (Fig. 1) inthe proper direction to advance the column casting I4 and all of itscarried "parts along the base 2. As the side of the tracer head 235encounters high and low places it will afiect the piston valve 48 (Fig.18) in either one or the other two ways described, thus either loweringor raising the saddle casting I28, keeping the tracer head in contactwith the bottom margin of the master 8 and causing the side of thecutter I19 to reproduce the precise contour along the bottom margin ofthe work III.

The next step in the foregoing phase of perimetric tracing compriseselevating the saddle casting I28 sufllciently high to dispose the"tracer head 235 and the cutter I19 (Fig. 1) above the top margins ofthe master 8 and work III. This is accomplished by merely permitting thetracer head 235 to go free. It will beremembered that the naturaltendency of the spring 208 is to urge the tracer tube 22I to the right,the consequent displacement of the piston valve 48 directing highpressure uuid to the bottoni of the vertical cylinder 18 and causing theelevation mentioned of the saddle casting I28. In order that this actmay be performed it is obviously necessary that there shall not be anyobstruction on the side vertical face of either the master 8 or work I8,and if there is such an obstruction, it is necessary to temporarilyshift the head casting I51 to the left. This can be done either bybacking off the nut I91 and turning the nut I98 against the lug I96until the head casting I51 has been displaced to the left the desireddistance, or the three-way valve can be momentarily restored to the fullline position in Fig. 18, thus to displace the head casting I51 by thepower of pressure fluid. To this end it is also necessary to back oifthe nut I91. The operator willeither press on the tracerhead 235 to theleft or pull it to the left by means of the rod 2I8 (Fig. 18) whereupona delivery of pressure fluid into the cylinder 68 (Fig. 6) on the leftside of the piston I will accomplish the stated purpose. v

The latter having been achieved, it is necessary to again move thehandle 13 down. This relocates the three-way valve 31into the dottedline position in Fig. 18. Now it is necessary to turn the auxiliaryreversing valve plug 381: (Fig. 23) into the position of Fig. 25 bymoving the handle 48a from the full to the dotted line position in Fig.24. The tracer head 235 being unrestrained is again moved to the rightby the spring 208. The passages 44, 43 (Fig. 18) are again placed incommunication, Pressure fluid is delivered to the duct 56, port 58 andport 62, whence it enters the hose 86.

From there the pressure fluid is 'delivered to the bore 3| by way oi,thespiral passage 46:; (Fig. 25). The bore 3| delivers the pressure fluidto the top of the cylinder 18 (Fig. 9) by way of the At this point isreadily seen that were it'not for the auxiliary reversing valve 31a thehigh pressure fluid delivered to the hose 36 would enter the bore 32 andeventually reach the bottom of the cylinder 18. The resulting raising ofthe plunger I46 would raise the tracer head and cutter from the topmargins of the master and work, and this would be contrary to what isnecessary under the instant circumstance.

Having lowered the saddle casting I28. until .the foregoing contacts ofthe tracer head and cutter are established with the top margins of themaster and work, the ensuing operation is but a repetition of what hasalready been described during the contouring of the bottom margin of 2Iso as to traverse the master and work with the tracer head and cutter,the tracer responding to the undulations in the top margin of the masterand causing-a faithfulreproduction in the top margins of the work by theresulting control of the cutter.

The third phase of operation of the machine comprises straight milling.This can be done with the absolute assurance, that there will be nowavering in the line of out, whether the milling is vertical orhorizontal. Moreover the conversion of the apparatus into a millingmachine from a contouring and duplicating apparatus, or reconverting theapparatus from a contouring and duplicating machine into a millingmachine, does not affect the accuracy of the mechanism in v the least.In other words, the apparatus can be ill lit

lid

ill

til

' lid and the lug I96.

period and then converted into a milling machine tor a run of anyfurther desired period. On the same principle the machine can be changedback and. it will function perfectly without any loss of duality.

it is first necessary to restore the auxiliary reverslng valve 31a toits normal position (Fig. 23). The three-way valve is ordinarily used todisplace the head casting I51 so far to the right as desired. Theadjustment of the three-way valve is then to the full line position(Fig. 18) the handle "it (Fig. 1) standing horizontally. The naturaltendency of the spring 208 to shift the tracer head 285 to the rightresults in the admission of pressure fluid, by the displacement of thepiston valve 48 (arrow 2), Fig. 18), to the right end of thehorizontalcylinder 68. The front end of the cylinder 68 is filled to thelimit. The fluid hetwecn the front of the piston I88 (Fig. 6) and thehead N2 of the cylinder constitutes an incompressihle abutment.

it the point of the cutter I18 is then not in proper contact with thework I0, any necessary adiustnient is made by means of the nuts I91,

At this time it is required that the tracer head 285 shall be back outof the way hecause the tracer does not function either in horizontal orvertical milling. The tracer assenihiage is thus displaced by looseningthe bolts and nuts I89 (Fig. 6) and sliding the tracer standard l8'Iback upon the top of the cylinder ltd.

The machine is now ready to do either horirental or vertical milling. Ifthe horizontal milling is done first, the successive cuts are started hyturning the hand wheel I56 so as to lower or raise the saddle castingI28 9. little at a time, depending on whether the operation is begun atthe hottom or top of the work I0. The cutter lid is carried along thecut by turning the hand wheel 2i. 7

Vertical milling can be accomplished by work-- the the hand wheels I58and H together. The hand wheel I58 is used toproduce the vertical cutsand the hand wheel 2| is used to advance the cutter I18 to the beginningof each new'cut.

hut in vertical milling, the work can be materially lessened by usingthe reversing valve 8I ior elevating and lowering the saddle castingI28. This relieves the operator of the necessity of turning the handwheel I56 so that he has only the hand wheel 2| to look after. Theweighted lever 8| is loosened by means of the thumb screw 22a (Fig. 12)and is made to fall in one or the other of the two directions so as toshift the plug 88 (Fig. either into the full or dotted line position.

If the cutter I18 happens to be at the top of the cut. the lever 8I ismade to fall to the right (Fig. 1). This places the valve plug 88 (Fig.10) in the full line position. Pressure fluid delivered irom the highpressure bore 80 (Fig. 9) by way of the duct I08 enters the passage I08(Fig. 10) and reaches the top of cylinder I8 by way of the passage I08(Fig. 10) and duct I I8 (Fig. 9). The resulting down pressure on theplunger Slowers the saddle casting I28 50 as to carry the cutter I19 onits down cut.

When the latter is completed the-reversal of the valve plug 86 to thedotted line position (Fig. 10) shunts the high pressure fluid to thebottom of cylinder 18 by way of the passage I08 (Fig. 10) duct II8 (Fig.9) and pipe 80. The upward pressure on. the plunger I48 raises thesaddle casting I28.

It'is desired to lay emphasis on the function of the saddle casting I28and its carried parts as the stabilizing factor of the cutter I18 in theforegoing milling operations, especially straight horizontal milling.The reader can readily understand that if the cutter "9 were not helddown to its work it would be possible for said cutter to make .what isconveniently called a climb out when a high place is encountered by thecutter. The inertia of the saddle casting I28 and its carried parts isfar superior to the power available at'the point of the cutter I18 tomake the foregoing climb out. In other words, thesaddle casting I28 andits carried parts represents a. mass having a weightsuiiicient to holdthe point of the cutter I18 to the line of cut, thereby preventing anydeviation whatsoever oi said point. This facility is attributed directlyto the fact that the saddle casting I28 is hung upon the nut I38 (Fig.16) and thus indirectly attached to the cable ill instead of beingsuspended irorn the cable directly.

The tracer 38 (Fig. it) is thought to require an additional explanation,mainly to make the purpose of the universal hearing 222 and the space225 clear. To begin with, the bearing 222 allows not only the sliding oithe tracer tube 22 l, but the oscillation at it in any radial direction.The sliding iunction is accomplished by the sliding fit or the tube inthe inner race. The oscillating function is accomplished by the ridingof the balls upon the concavity 2d of the outer ring or race .222. Thecenter at this concavity coincides with the axial center oi the tube22l. Thus it is readily seen that the halls travel in a partiallycircular path which is centered on the axis of the tuloe.

The amount of the space 22th regulated loy turning the adjusting nut 222either in or out. In beginning an adjustment the nut 282 is first turnedclockwise. The nut is thus screwed into the thread 23L Inasmuch as theouter race 221 is in contact with the adjusting nut the universalbearing 228 is driven inwardly of the cylindrical terminal 280 to theleft; The inner race of the universal bearing soon engages the collar222. Thereafter the adjustment will be carried out until the pistonvalve 48 is centered over the high pressure (42) and exhaust (l2, l6)passages. This constitutes a neutral or inactive position of the pistonvalve and tracer.

With this as a starting point the adjusting nut 282 is backed off Thespring 288 will cause the tube 22! to follow. The collar 224 remains incontact with the universal hearing. The extent to which the nut 232 isadjusted outwardly of the till shell 228 later determines the amount ofspace brought into contact with this phase of the master. i

On the same principle the amount of outward adjustment of thenut 222 andof potential space at 225 determines the speed of travel of the tracerhead 288 toward the master in the event that the tracer head drops intoan abrupt depression.

When the previously mentioned universal movement of the tracer tube 22Ioccurs, the piston valve 28 is shifted inward (arrow (1, Fig. '18)because of the cam action of the. balls 2I8 upon the cone 2| I. petualcontact by the spring 208 and the latter is These elements are kept inperdepressed when the tracer tube 22I is oscillated,- 'v

a piece of work, a cutter for operating upon the work, a tracerassemblage having a tracer head for traversing the master, pressurefluid operable means carrying the cutter, means correlated with thetracer assemblage making said carrying means responsive to the master inmovements in one plane when the end of the tracer head traverses theupright surface contour of the master and when the cutter is in pointcontact with the upright surface of the work, and other means renderedresponsive to said tracer assemblage by its correlated means inmovements in a diverse plane when the side of the tracer head traversesat least one of the margins of the master and when the cutter is in sidecontact with a corresponding margin of the work and a settable selectorvalve for determining the reactive effect of the cutter as respects theend and lateral engagements of the master by the tracer. 2. A machine ofthe character described comprising a foundation for supporting a masterand a piece of work, a cutter for operating upon the work, a tracerassemblage having a tracer head for traversing the master, presure fluidoperable means carrying the cutter, means correlated with the tracerassemblage making said carrying means to reciprocate in one plane inresponse to corresponding reciprocations of the tracer head when saidhead is in end contact with the upright surface of the master fortraversing the surface contour thereof and when the cutter is in pointcontact with the upright surface of the work, and other means renderedresponsive by the correlated means of the tracer assemblage to theoscillations of the tracer head thereby to move the carrying means in adiverse plane when said head is in side contact with at least one of themargins of the master for traversing .the contour thereof and when thecutter is in side contact with the corresponding margin of the work anda selector valve settable to determine the response resultant fromendwise movement or lateral deflection of the tracer head.

3. A machine of the character described comprising a foundation forsupporting a piece of work and a master having upright surface andmarginal contours, a cutter for operating upon the upright surface andat least one margin of the work, a tracer assemblage having a tracerhead for traversing the upright surface and at least one margin of themaster, carrying means supporting the tracer assemblage and cutter incoupled relationship, said carrying means being variably stationed withrespect to the foundation to maintain the cutter andtracer head eitherin point or side contact with the respective upright surfaces andmargins of the master and work, and a selector valve positionable inagreement with the respective stations of the carrying means forselectively producing either hori zontal or vertical reciprocations ofthe tracer head when coacting with the respective upright and marginalsurfaces of the master.

4. A machineof '"the character described for supporting-apiece o1 workand a master'having upright surface and marginal contours, a cutter foroperating upon the work, a tracer assemblage having a tracer head fortraversing the master, carrying means supporting the cutter and tracerassemblage in coupled relationship, manual 'meansby which to station thecarrying means in respect to the foundation for either a point or sidecontact of the cutter and tracer with the upright 01; marginal surfacesof the respective work and master, a pair of fluid pressure responsiveelements respectively dedicated to reciprocating the cutter in one planein response to reciprocations of the tracer head superinduced by theupright surface contour of the master, or to reciprocating the cutter ina different plane in response to oscillations of the tracer headsuperinduced by its traversing the margin of the master, a source ofpressure fluid variably coupleable with said fluid responsive elementsby way of the tracer for determining the positive and negative reactionsthereof, and a settable selector device determining, the controllingcoupling of one or the other of said elements with the tracer.

5. A reproducing machine adapted either to upright surface or perimetriccontouring, com- ,the mount either for point or side contact of thetracer head and cutter against the upright surfaces ormargins of amaster and a piece of work, a universal bearing for the tracer headallowing it to function either by reciprocation or arcuate oscillationthereof, a pressure fluid controlling valve responsive to eitherfunction of the tracer head, fluid pressure operated means producingaxial reciprocation of the cutter when the couple is in upright surfacework, fluid pressure operated means producing reciprocation of thecutter at right angles to its axis when the couple is in perimetricwork, a pressure fluid system embracing both fluid pressure operatedmeans and said controlling valve, and a manual. valve in said system forshunting the functions of the controlling valve to either of said meansas determined by the setting of said mount.

6. A convertible duplicating and milling machine comprising a cutter, atracer assemblage including a tracer head, a movable mount supportingthe cutter and tracer assemblage in coupled relationship, a pressurefluid system including a, valve embodied in the tracer assemblage, amovable carrier on the mount for the cutter responsive to the valve whenthe tracer head is made to follow the variable contours of a master bythe movements of the mount, means for displacing the tracer assemblageto set the tracer head away from the master, and means for then lockingthe erstwhile movable carrier to the mount so that the movements of themount pro-v duce straight line cuts of the cutter, said means includingan ,abutment carriedby one of the parts, a screw secured to the other ofsaid parts and slidable within the abutment, and clamp nuts adjustablymounted on the screw for movement in a desired clamping engagement withthe abutment to lock the screw against translation with respect thereto,

7. A machine of thecharacter described comprising a. revoluble cutter,means for supporting the cutter in cutting relationship to the work,said means including a mount, counter-balancing means for the mountincluding a lead screw, and a nut journalled on the mount being inthreaded engagement with the lead screw for adjusting the mount inreference to the lead screw, said nut providing the-indirect suspensionof the mount from the counter-balancing means and enabling iii thecutter, means for vibrating the-head casting so as to move the cutterinto ahd out of the work, counter-balancing means including a pendentlead screw, and a nut journalled on the saddle casting, being inthreaded engagement with the lead screw to indirectly suspend thesupporting means from the counter-balancing means, and utilize the deadweight of saidsupporting means in stabilizing the point of the cutterregardless of its in and out movements.

h. A machine ofthe character described comprising a revoluble cutter,supporting means for supporting the cutter in cutting relationship toits work, said supporting means including a sad- H ll iii

die casting, counter-balancing means for the saddle casting including acable having a weight and a lead screw pendent from its respective ends,a sheave supporting the bight oi the cable, and a hut journalled on thesaddle casting being inthreaded engagement with the lead screw forsuspending the saddle casting indirectly.

iii. in a machine of the character described, a revoluble cutter, a headcasting carrying the cutter, and including a cylinder, a saddle castingby which the head casting is slidably supported, it piston in thecylinder having means by which it is shared to the saddle casting, meansadapted to deliver pressure fluid into either end oi the cylinderthereby to reciprocate the head casting. and means with which to lockthe head casting when it is desired to prevent reciprocations, saidmeans including a lug on the head casting, a screw amxed to the saddlecasting and loosely occupying a hole in the lug, and nuts on the screwat each side of the lug, being adapted to be driven into jammingrelationship with the lug.

ii. in amachine of the character described, it revoluble cutter, afluted spindle to which the cutter is coupled, a quill in which thespindle is revoluble, a saddle casting, cutter driving means carried bythe saddle casting having splined encasement with the flutes of thespindle, a head casting slidably carried by the saddle casting, saidhead casting having a bore containing a portion oi the quill, meansproviding a non-turning but clidable engagement of the quill with thebore, and means for adjusting the quill in the bore so as to set thecutter at various distances from the head casting without affecting theslidable function of the latter.

12. In a machine 01' the character described. a

revoluble cutter, supporting means by which the cutter is carried,pressure fluid operable means tor raising and lowering the supportingmeans, comprising a cylinder having a plunger and shaft, and meansconnecting the supporting means to the shaft and being adjustableinreferenoe to the shaft thus to set the cutter in respect to its workindependently of said raising and lowering means.

13. In a-machine of the character described, a revoluble cutter,"supporting. means by which the cutter is carried, pressure 'fluidoperable means ior raising and lowering the supporting means, comprisinga cylinder having a plunger and a screw shaft, and a nut journalled uponthe supporting means, being in threaded engagement with the screw shaftand being turnable to raise and lower said supporting means upon thescrew shaft and to set the cutter in'respect to its work independentlyof the raising and lowering means.

14. In a machine of the character described, a revoluble cutter,supporting means carrying the cutter, a-base movably carrying thesupporting means, pressure fluid operable means carried by the base andcoupled to the supporting means for raising and lowering the supportingmeans, means for adjusting the supporting means in respect to the baseindependently of said fluid operable means, and means for moving thebase in a plane different from that in which the supportingmeans israised and lowered.

15. In a machine of the character described, a base structure, arevoluble cutter, a tracer assemblage including a tracer head, commonsupporting means by which the cutter and tracer head are carried incoupled relationship, a foundation upon which to attach a master and apiece of work for the purposes or the tracer head and cutter, and a bedcasting having a top guide portion and a master and work support, bothin upstanding relationship to the base structure, said bed structurehaving an upstanding peripheral flange defining a recess :below theguide and support to receive cuttings from the work.

16. In a machine of the character described, a cutter, a saddle castingcarrying said cutter, pressure fluid responsive means for reciprocatingthe saddle casting so as to cause the cutter to traverse a piece ofwork, a pressure fluid system in which said responsive means isconnected, a base cast-- lng having means on which the saddle casting isguided and upon which the responnve means is supported, a reversingvalve mounted on the base casting, the latter having ducts embodiedtherein coupling the pressure illuid system to the 3g responsive meansand to the valve, a ported plug embodied in said "valve for shunting thefluid flow into the alternate ends oi said responsive device, and meansloosely connecting the saddle casting to said valve plug tor producingautomatic reversals oi said plug as the saddle casting reciprocates.

l'l'. In a machine of the character described, a tracer assemblageincluding a universallymovable tracer head and a valve responsivethereto, and a cutter, fluid pressure responsive means under control orsaid valve upon which said assemblage and cutter are mounted in coupledrelationship to either'make point or side ccntact with theupright'surtace or margin of a master and a piece of work, a secondpressure fluid responsive means for reciprocating the firstnamedresponsive means in a plane at, right angles to the axis of the cutter,a pressure fluid system inwhich both means are connected, said systemincluding a manually operable valve which is set to cause the operation0! the hutnamed responsive means, a reversing valve automaticallyactuated as saidfirst-named moans moves in its diverse plane, thereby tocontrol the second pressure responsive means for causing the movementsof said flrst named means in said diverse p1ane,'means for shitting thefirst named responsive means'so that the tracer head and cutterengagemargins o! the master and work,-- means for then neutralising thereversing valve so that its function is suspended in respect to thesecond named responsive means. and means for shifting the position ofthe manual valve, transterring the function of the tracer head controlvalve from the flrst responsive means to the second responsive means.

I 18. In a machine of thecharacter described, a

' tracer assemblage and a cutter in coupled relationship, a piston valveincluded in said assemblage having a spring tending to move it in onedirection, a head casting by which the couple is carried, pressureresponsive means for actuating the head casting, a pressure fluid systemin which the valve and said responsive means are con- 75 nested,supplying pressure fluid to one end of the responsive means for movingthe head casting in one direction while the piston valve remainsdisplaced by the pressure on the spring,

- and a reversing valve connected in said system,

I and cutter couple for traversing the upright surfaces respectively ofa contoured master andof a piece of work, a saddle casting, a pair ofpressure responsive means connected to the saddle casting, one of saidmeans being movable in one direction in reference to the saddle castingand carrying the tracer head and cutter couple, the,

other one of said means causing the movement oi the saddle casting in adifferent direction, a pressure fluid system, a valve embodied in saidassemblage for controlling the fluid in said systern, said valveincluding a tracer head-controlled cylinder, a high fluid pressurepassage and adjacent passages communicating with the respective pair ofpressure responsive means, and a manual valve also in said system toshunt the pressure fluid to eitheiresponsive means, so that thevibrations of the valve cylinder will cause reciprocation either of thesaddle casting or of said one responsive means.

20. A hydraulic control system for a duplicatin machine of the typeincluding a support for the work and master, a support for the cutterand tracer, a pair of slides intervening said supports for eflectingtheir adjustment in two angularly related directions and pressureresponsive devices for efiecting movement of the slides, said systemincluding a source of hydraulic pressure fluid, a valve for controllingthe flow of fluid to the pressure responsive devices a tracer directlyreacting on said valve for varying the hydraulic reaction (thereof, andadditional valve means for determining the coupling ofthe pressure fluidto cum of said pressure'responsive devices by way of or exclusive of thetracer actuated valve.

21. A hydraulic. control system for a duplicat- I ing machine of thetype including a support for the work and master, a support for thecutter and tracer, a pair of slides intervening said supports foreffecting their adjustment in two ans'ularly related directions andpressure responsive devices for effecting movement of the slides,

said system including a source of hydraulic pressure fluid, a valve forcontrolling the flow of fluid to the. pressure responsive devices, atracer directly reacting on said valve for varying the hydraulicreaction thereof, additional 'valve' means for determining the couplingof the pressure fluid to one of said pressure responsive de- "actuablereversing valve.

assua e vices by way of or exclusive of the tracer actuated valve, andadditional valve means for determining the directional eflectiveness ofthe tracer controlled pressure fluid supply as respects said pressureresponsive device.

22. A hydraulic control system for a duplicat ing machine of the typeincluding a support for the work and master, a support for the cutterand tracer, a pair of slides intervening said supports for effectingtheir adjustment in two angularly, related directions and pressureresponsive devices for effecting movement of the slides, said ,systemincluding a source of hydraulic pressure fluid, conduits coupled withthe pressure responsive devices and variably connectible with the sourceof pressure fluid, and a series of control valves for determination oi.variable couplings of the fluid to the devices including a reversingvalve normally biased for one direction of fluid coupling, a tracerstylus mounted for reaction on the valve to eflect reversal thereof, anda selector valve in series with said biased valve and settableeffectively to couple the latter with one or the other of said pressureresponsive devices.

23. A hydraulic control system for a duplicating machine as in claim 21wherein anadditional serially disposed valve is employed to reverse theeffect of the bias of the stylus actuated valve as respects the coupledpressure responsive device.

24. A hydraulic control system as in claim 21 wherein an additionalvalve mechanism is provided for couplingthe pressure fluid to a pressureresponsive device exclusive of said stylus actuated valve.

25. In a hydraulic duplicating machine con-, trol system of thecharacter described, the combination with a hydraulically responsivedevice for effecting reciprocations of a cutter, the combination withconduits coupled withsaid device, of a first pump having its outputcoupled to said conduits to produce actuatlngpressure therein, a secondpump having its intake coupled tosaid conduits, a reversing valveshiftable variably to determine the couplings of the respective pumpswith the pressure responsive device conduits, and

rection and additional valve means are provided for'disconnecting theflrst pump and connecting the second, pump with the pressure responsivemeans during said biased position of the stylus mmmp LEO with

